Blood sugar refers to glucose in the blood and is the main source of human energy. Our physical activity, heart beat, brain thinking, etc. are inseparable from sugar to provide energy. Since the sugar in normal people's blood is mainly glucose, and the method of measuring blood sugar is also mainly to detect glucose, it is generally believed that blood sugar refers to glucose in blood.

The main source of blood sugar:

The first major source: sugars in food: sugars in food are digested and absorbed into the blood, which is the main source of blood sugar;
Note: In addition to sugary drinks and fruits, starchy foods are the main source of blood sugar.
The conversion of starchy foods into blood sugar requires the help of two enzymes, one is amylase and the other is glycosidase.
"Amylase" is equivalent to performing the first process on starch to break it down into small molecules of sugar, such as maltose and dextrin.
The second process requires the use of "glycosidase". Glycosidases will further break down these small molecules of sugar into glucose, which can only be absorbed by the body into the blood after becoming glucose.

There is a western medicine called glycosidase inhibitor clinically, and experienced sugar friends may be familiar with its trade name: Baitangping, Bexin, Kabopine, Acarbose. Its mechanism of action is to reduce its ability to "produce" glucose by inhibiting glycosidase activity.

There is also a natural amylase inhibitor, scientific name α-amylase inhibitor. Including cinnamon powder, chickpeas, green money willow, lemon juice, and white kidney beans, ingredients that can inhibit amylase were found, especially the amylase inhibitor contained in white kidney beans had the highest activity. However, it should be noted that white kidney beans are toxic when eaten raw, and amylase inhibitors will be inactivated at temperatures above 70 degrees. Therefore, only through a special process can the highly active amylase inhibitory component be extracted.

Second source: glycogen stored in the liver, glycogen stored in the liver is broken down into glucose into the blood, which is a direct source of blood sugar when fasting.

The source of liver glycogen is also from the sugar in our food. If we take too much sugar, it will normally be converted into glycogen and stored in the liver under the action of insulin. When the human body needs it (generally starting at 3 a.m.), it will be converted into blood sugar under the action of glucagon for the human body to use.

Third source: Under fasting conditions, non-sugar substances mainly composed of glycerin, certain organic acids, and sugar amino acids are converted into glucose through gluconeogenesis to supplement blood sugar. Such as fasting, very low calorie therapy, and ketogenic diet, the human body may convert fat and even protein into sugar through gluconeogenesis for the human body, especially the brain (the smart body knows what is more important to protect).

The first way: exercise can encourage cells to use energy, increase blood sugar, and reduce resistance to insulin, which is the best of both worlds.

The second way: after the meal, tissues such as liver and muscle can synthesize glucose into glycogen, which is the storage form of sugar; it is converted into non-sugar substances, such as fat and non-essential acid.

The third way: urine sugar, when the blood glucose concentration is higher than 8.9mmol/L (160mg/100ml), it is excreted with urine to form diabetes.

Although the blood sugar of normal people is filtered by the glomeruli, all of them are absorbed by the renal tubules, so the amount of sugar in the urine is very small, and the routine examination is negative. Only when the blood glucose concentration is higher than 8.9mmol/L, that is, the renal tubule reabsorption capacity is exceeded, the urine glucose test is positive.

"Diabetes|It is more common in certain pathological conditions, such as diabetes. Therefore, urine glucose is not used as a standard for diagnosing diabetes in clinic. If the urine glucose is found to be positive, the blood sugar is already relatively high, but some people may not have high urine glucose-positive blood sugar. For example, pregnant women and the elderly, the decline of renal sugar domain, it may be hypoglycemic and urine positive.